Glossary of Fabric & Fashion Terms
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A silhouette popular in women's apparel, where the cut flares slightly away from the body to form the shape of an "A."
Synthetic, manufactured fiber derived from a combination of coal, air, water, petroleum and limestone. Soft, lightweight and wool-like, acrylic makes great winter wear, like sweaters and fleece. Also perfect in awnings and outdoor furniture because it wonderfully wicks away moisture, retains pleats and resists sunlight fading.
Yarn from the long, incredibly soft hair of an angora rabbit or goat. Angora is frequently used in winterwear, like hats, gloves, scarves, socks and more.
Antimicrobial
A term used for a garment that is able to resist, either naturally or chemically, the effects of microbial secretions put off by the human body, resisting odor and increasing garment life.
Used to describe the wear resistance of fleece. Fibers in low-quality fleece tend to twist together, resulting in an uneven and worn look. Anti-pill fleece is specially woven to prevent this from happening.
A diamond-shaped plaid pattern for a knitted fabric that is often used on socks and sweaters.
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Back Yoke
A piece of fabric that connects the back of a garment to the shoulders. This allows the garment to lay flat and drape nicely.
Ballistic
A thick, even weave of extremely durable material. Used in luggage for reinforcement and abrasion resistance.
A loose, single-breasted overcoat, usually with a short turnover collar.
Bamboo
Has natural inherent properties that wicks moisture and is naturally antibacterial, hypoallergenic and breathable with no added chemicals.
Bamboo Charcoal
Fast-growing bamboo is dried and heated until it converts to bamboo charcoal, which is then made into a soft moisture-wicking polyester fabric.
Barn jacket
A middleweight overcoat made of durable cotton (usually twill) that normally has a corduroy collar and large front pockets. With wool or flannel lining.
A variation of the plain weave construction in which two or more warp and filling yarns are woven side-by-side to resemble a pleated basket.
An Indonesian method of dying fabric by hand-printing with textiles.
A strong, ribbed fabric that can be made from a variety of materials, including: cotton, wool, silk or a combination of fibers. It has the same look as corduroy, but usually does not have the heavyweight construction.
First made in Bengal, India, this crosswise-ribbed fabric has a sturdy, durable weave and a great tailored look, so it’s perfect for coats, suits and dress pants.
Usually single-sided, pile-cut fabrics with a knit backing made of polyester/modacrylic. Its most notable characteristic is a nubby, fur-like surface. Thick, comfortable and warm, Berber fleece is popular in winterwear, socks and throws.
A diagonal cut across the fabric grain. Used to create garments that closely trace the body's natural curves for a flattering look.
An enzyme treatment that removes the roughness on a fabric's surface, creating a softer, smoother feel. During the biopolishing process, an enzyme weakens and breaks off the ends of the fibers protruding from the fabric surface.
A narrow neckline that is open from shoulder to shoulder.
The upper part of a woman's dress.
A weathered leather jacket featuring a zip-up front and short collar. A traditional bomber jacket will also have a sheepskin lining and collar.
Women's apparel cut with a menswear silhouette. Usually boxy and oversized.
A style of panties or swimwear bottoms. They offer maximum hip and back coverage. His style made her way for a flattering, curvy look.
From the French word meaning "to buckle or curl." A type of woven or knit fabric with a looped, knotted surface. Bouclé is used in lightweight and heavyweight garments, more often the latter because the lofty yarns provide wonderful warmth.
The movement of water or water vapor from one side of the fabric to the other, caused by capillary action, wicking, chemical or electrostatic action.
Broadcloth
Fabric that is tightly woven in a plain weave with a crosswise rib. Like poplin, but finer. The most common broadcloth is made of cotton or cotton/polyester blends.
A loosely constructed, heavyweight fabric in a plain weave. Burlap is usually made of jute (a natural, woven fiber from the jute plant), so it's very coarse and durable. Chiefly used in carpet backing, sacks and drapes.
Techniques in fabric achieved through the application of a chemical paste (usually sulfuric acid). The most common effects from this technique are eyelet-like patterns on thinner fabrics or brocade-like effects on velvet.
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C
A sleeveless undergarment with thin spaghetti straps. Usually made of silk or cotton.
A medium-to-heavyweight type of cotton or linen in a plain or twill weave. Used in industrial products for its durability, such as tents and awnings. Also found frequently in apparel, from shoes to shirts.
A short-sleeved style that's popular on women's blouses and dresses. The sleeve extends just over the shoulder for a touch of femininity.
A knee-length coat with a flat front placket. This length was designed to make driving a car more comfortable.
Carded Yarn
A cotton yarn that has been carded but not combed. Carded yarns contain a wider range of fiber lengths and, as a result, are not as uniform or as strong as combed yarns. They are considerably cheaper and are used in medium and coarse counts.
Usually loose-fitting pants or shorts with large, military-inspired pockets sewn on the hips and knees.
Pants or shorts with handy pockets and loops for holding tools commonly used by a carpenter. This look has become popular for style more than its usefulness.
An incredibly soft wool. Considered a "luxury" fiber because it's one of the rarest and most-expensive fabrics available. Most commonly used in sweaters and coats.
Fine, lightweight cloth, usually cotton, in a plain weave with colored, lengthwise threads and a white fill. Its yarns are constructed in squares, slightly drawn out and twisted in both directions. Originally woven for farmers in Europe, where it's called cambric. Found in apparel, like shirts and pants.
A soft, lightweight silk, cotton or man-made fabric with a smooth, semi-lustrous satin finish and a matte backing. It is often used in blouses, dresses, nightgowns and lingerie.
A loose-fitting, straight nightgown or undergarment. Usually hits at midthigh.
Incredibly soft, fuzzy yarns that stand out around a velvety cord. Used in apparel, like sweaters, and home goods, like throws.
Lightweight, sheer fabric of twisted filament yarns with a soft weave and an airy drape. Usually woven of silk, but also made of rayon and other synthetic fibers. Used in evening wear, scarves, intimates and more.
Coir is the coarse, stiff fiber extracted from the outside layer of the husk that surrounds the shell of a coconut. The golden-brown fibers have traditionally been used to manufacture rope, carpets, doormats, upholstery stuffing, brushes and more.
A dyed fabric's ability to resist fading, running or crocking due to washing, exposure to sunlight and other environmental conditions.
A process by which the short fibers of a yarn are removed and the remaining longer fibers are arranged in parallel order for a quality yarn with excellent strength, fineness and uniformity.
A medium-to-heavyweight fabric, usually made of cotton, using a cut-pile weave construction. Extra sets of filling yarns are woven into the fabric to form nap-like cords (wales or ridges) of yarn on the surface. Originally considered to be roughwear for working men in Europe, corduroy became a popular children's fabric in the 1920s because of its warmth and durability. Denim dethroned corduroy in the 1950s; however, corduroy is still commonly used in children's, women's and men's clothing today.
A lightweight garment used to cover up a swimsuit such as a sarong, pareo, skirt or hooded jacket.
Coverseamed
A finish in which two needles are used to create parallel rows of visible stitching. It is used around the neck, armholes, waistband and wrists of garments to create a cleaner, more durable finish.
Authentic American leather that is "hot stuffed" with oil and waxes in a unique tanning process. The oil and wax will surface and create a rich, beautiful patina that's fade-resistant and long-lasting.
Loose, open knit made by looping thread with a hooked needle. Often used to make lightweight, warm-weather sweaters.
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D
A lightweight, silky-soft fabric blend that has a slight shine to it. Dazzle is found primarily in active clothing because of its quick-drying capabilities.
A unit of measuring the thickness/weight of a thinly spun fiber. It indicates the material's durability, plus the fineness of fiber filaments and yarns — both natural and synthetic. The higher the denier, the thicker the fiber; the lower the denier, the finer the fiber. Kohls.com customers will find denier used frequently in luggage.
A decorative weave on a bath, beach or kitchen towel, characterized by small, usually geometric patterns that are woven into the fabric. Standard dobby borders are typically flat and fine.
A type of cape-like sleeve that is very wide at the armhole and tight at the wrist.
Double-Needle Stitching
A finish commonly used on a sleeve or bottom hem that uses two needles to create parallel rows of visible stitching, giving the garment a cleaner, more finished look, as well as adding durability.
The soft, light clusters found under the feathers of geese or ducks. These clusters trap warm air, offering excellent thermal and lofting properties. Used typically as a thermal insulator to fill comforters, blankets, pillows and jackets.
A type of knit where some of the needles are "dropped out" during stitching to produce an openwork pattern in the fabric. Similar to a wide, ribbed finish.
Drop Tail
A longer back than front for the purpose of keeping the shirt tucked in. Also referred to as Extended Tail.
Duck cloth
A medium-weight cloth, duck is soft, breathable and durable. Tightly woven and usually made of cotton. It's a wonderful, year-round fabric that retains color beautifully.
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E
Considered the best cotton in the world. Cultivated mainly in the Nile River Valley in Egypt, this grade of cotton boasts the longest and strongest fibers. Used in high-end shirts, towels and linens.
A process in which fabrics are engraved with the use of heated rollers under pressure to produce a raised design on the fabric surface. Embossing is most commonly used on leathers to produce new, stylish effects.
This waistline begins just below the bust, giving babydoll tops or dresses a flowing, flattering fit.
An ornamental strip or loop sewn across the shoulder of a dress, coat or military-style clothing.
Often describes a garment that has been specially treated for extra softness. Enzyme washing uses special chemicals, or enzymes, to soften the fabric and give the overall garment a "worn-in" look. It's like sandwashing, but often preferred because it's less expensive.
A type of sandal that usually has a fabric upper and jute sole.
A type of embroidery in which small holes are cut out in the fabric, and finished by embellishment of thread around the opening. Eyelet is often used to add a charming touch to feminine clothing.
Extended Tail
A longer back than front for the purpose of keeping the shirt tucked in. Also referred to as Drop Tail.
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F
A knitting style that originated in the Shetland Islands of Scotland, which is characterized by geometric-shaped patterns.
A soft felt hat that is creased lengthwise down the crown. With a pinched front and a brim that can be turned up or down.
A type of printing where the chemical bonds with the cellulose molecules in a product's fabric, so the dye actually saturates the fibers. In ordinary pigment printing, the dye just sits on the fabric's surface, leaving it susceptible to easy removal after several washings. Fiber-reactive printing produces a more vibrant appearance and tends to have better colorfastness, or fade resistance, properties. Often used in beach towels.
Flat Collar/Cuffs
A single ply fabric with a finished edge that is used for collars and cuffs on sport shirts and short sleeve garments. Also known as welt.
A decorative detail in clothing in which raised pieces of cloth are applied to the surface in a particular pattern by using an adhesive.
A strip of fabric attached to one edge of a garment (usually a skirt) to create a wide ruffle. Produces a lovely feminine effect.
A lightweight twill or woven silk or silk and cotton blend, usually decorated with a small printed pattern.
Four-Needle Stitching
A finish commonly used on a sleeve or bottom hem that uses four needles to create parallel rows of visible stitching, giving the garment a cleaner, more finished look, as well as adding durability.
Turned-up cuffs that are fastened with cuff links and sometimes contrasting in color.
The knit jersey version of terry cloth. Features loops of pile on one side and a smooth, brushed finish on the other.
The decorative closing of fabric with cording or braided material which fits over a ball or button to complete the closure.
Considered the highest quality of leather because only the hair is removed from the hide, so it retains the full, natural grain. Variations in the grain will be exposed, evidenced by natural fat wrinkles and a soft, supple feel.
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G
A firm, tightly woven fabric with a subtle, diagonal line of twill and, sometimes, a high sheen. Made of polyester, cotton, rayon and various blends. Gabardine stems from a loose, outer garment called a "gabardina" worn by Spanish pilgrims in medieval times.
A leg covering made from cloth or leather on boots or shoes, extending from the instep of the foot to the midcalf or knee.
This term often describes a garment that has been through a standard wash cycle in a commercial washing machine. The repeated exposure of the garments in water leads to a softer, worn-in look on the garments.
A sheer, crinkled fabric woven from hard-twisted yarns to produce a dull, pebbly surface. Creates a lightweight, flowing look.
A midweight, checked or plaid fabric with a plain weave made of cotton. Checked or plaid gingham uses two or more colors. Main uses include apparel and curtains.
An inset of cloth placed in a seam to give fullness (e.g., the bottom of a skirt).
Fabric that is cut into a tapering triangular form to create a flowing look.
Strong, closely woven, corded fabric with narrow, horizontal ribs. It's usually made of rayon or silk, with a cotton fill and dull finish. Chiefly used as trim on evening clothes, neckwear, accessories, military uniforms and hat bands.
A narrow piece of fabric inserted in the garment to allow for more space or a bigger opening. Usually found on cargo pockets to create a larger cavity.
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H
A unique type of printing in which art is digitally replicated and printed on the surface of polyester. The dye permanently bonds to the fibers without fading or crocking, even after repeated washing. This patented process can achieve "photo real" images because the quantity of colors used is limitless.
A knit top without a collar and with a buttoned placket that stops midway down the shirt.
A twill fabrication with a pattern made up of rows of parallel lines in opposite directions forming a zigzag pattern.
High-performance shoes are specially designated athletic shoes featuring true performance technology for the serious athlete, such as state-of-the-art shock absorption systems, dual-density midsoles for heightened stability and enhanced impact durability.
A fastening system made up of a small metal hook that is inserted into a matching eyeloop or small metal loop on the other side of the placket.
A usually small, distinctively broken-check pattern that resembles the jagged back teeth of a hound.
A sandal with a low heel and interwoven leather strips across the upper.
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I
A method of weaving tie-dyed threads to create a rich and lively pattern on a fabric. Ikat fabrics often possess a distinct look based on their region of origin.
A two-ply fabric knit simultaneously to form one thicker and heavier ply. It has more natural stretch than a jersey knit, a soft hand, and the same appearance and feel on both sides. Commonly used in knit shirts and turtlenecks. Commonly used in knit shirts and turtlenecks.
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J
A decorative woven or knitted pattern manufactured by using the Jacquard attachment on the loom. This attachment has a punch card like a piano, so it offers better design versatility and fabric control. Often an intricate pattern knit directly into the fabric during the manufacturing process. Typically, two or more colors are used.
Plain fabric that is knitted instead of woven. Soft and breathable, with extra "give" for comfort. First manufactured on the island of Jersey, off the coast of England. The consistent interloping of yarns in the jersey stitch to produce a fabric with a smooth, flat face and a more textured, but uniform back.
An open V-neck with a pointed collar.
A natural fiber from the fast-growing plant of the same name, jute is soft and has a smooth, flat texture. With its nice woven texture, jute is also durable. Found in shoes, rugs, decor and more.
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K
Wide loose-fitting sleeves modeled after the garments worn in traditional Japanese theater.
A large pocket formed by sewing a piece of cloth over the center or stomach area of the garment leaving both ends open.
A round or tear-shaped cutout that fastens at the front or back neckline.
A loose-fitting robe or jacket with wide sleeves. Traditionally worn with a broad sash.
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L
The skin or hide of a lamb or young sheep. Also known as "napa" leather, lambskin has fewer blemishes and a more uniform grain than other leathers like buffalo and cowhide, which make it extra-soft and attractive for use in fashion clothing such as men's and women's jackets. Lightweight, smooth, supple, luxurious.
The folded area on the front of a coat that is usually a continuation of the collar.
Coarse fibers taken from inside the woody stem of the flax plant. Linen is considered one of the oldest textile fabrics, rooted in ancient Egyptian, Greek and Jewish cultures. Cool, absorbent, breathable, durable.
Lisle Cotton
A fine, smooth, tightly twisted thread spun from long-stapled cottonA mass-production printing process that transfers ink from a plane surface to oil-based, ink-receptive images on a page or fabric. Used most commonly with clothing, artwork, books and newspapers
A looped piece of fabric in the neck of a garment for the convenience of hanging the garment on a hook. Can also be located at the center of the back yoke on the inside or outside of a garment.
Lycra®
A spandex fiber introduced in 1958 by DuPont® that stretches. Usually woven with other fibers to provide extra comfort, movement and shape retention. Found in various types of clothing, from shirts to swimwear to socks.
A cellulose fiber manufactured from wood pulp. Lustrous and color-rich, Lyocell feels like rayon, but it's stronger, more durable and more absorbent, even when wet. With low-shrinkage and wrinkle-resistant characteristics.
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M
Coarse lacework made by weaving and knotting a series of cords, threads, strings or yarns into a decorative pattern. This heavy lace became popular around the 1970s when teens and young adults began sporting macramé clothing and other products. Today, it's used chiefly in clothing and accessories.
A lightweight cotton fabric, often in brightly colored plaid patterns, used primarily for warm-weather clothing. Originating in Chennai (formerly Madras), India, this breathable cloth was often used in head wraps or turbans before it was popularized in shorts, pants and dresses.
A short, standup collar that is close-fitting. Gives garments a stylish Asian look.
French for "cushioned or padded," matelassé patterns add a quilted, puckered look to the material. Classically used in coverlets, drapery and pillows, as well as vests and formal dresses to a lesser degree.
Used to describe a metallic surface with a smooth or sometimes brushed finish that lacks luster and shine. Some examples include bath accessories and cutlery.
A yarn spun from fibers that have been printed in many tones and hues. Resembles tweed, but it's very lightweight.
Mercerized Cotton
Used to describe a process of treating a thread, yarn or fabric to increase its luster, color retention and durability. The fabric, often cotton, is immersed in sodium hydroxide and then neutralized in acid. This causes the fiber to permanently swell, which increases its qualities. Named after English printer John Mercer, who discovered this process in the 1840s. He discovered that when a cotton fiber is submersed in a strong caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) solution under controlled tension then it swells up and develop a high luster. After the alkali treatment, the material is immersed in acid to neutralize it. Any type of cotton, good quality or poor quality, can be mercerized but usually Sea Island, Egyptian and Pima cotton are preferred. Mercerized cotton is best for making tablecloths because it is highly resistant to stains and wear. It does not stretch nor shrinks.
There are three types of mercerized cotton, namely single, double and triple. When only the yarn is mercerized then it is known as single-mercerized cotton. In the process when both the yarn as well as the fabric is mercerized, it is known as double-mercerized cotton. Triple-mercerized fabrics are those where even the final product is mercerized along with the yarn and the fabric.
A type of high-quality wool made from the fleece of purebred merino sheep. Fine, strong, stretchy and dye-retentive. The best grade of merino wool typically comes from Italy.
A type of knitted, woven, laced or crocheted fabric with a net-like, open weave. Mesh is lightweight and breathable, which makes it ideal for warm-weather dressing.
A synthetic fiber that is extremely soft, lightweight, breathable, durable and ultrafine. In fact, microfibers are two times finer than silk and one hundred times finer than a human hair. Microfiber is currently manufactured from acrylic, nylon, polyester and rayon.
A unique type of brushing done to fabric that removes its roughness for an extra-soft feel. The process unfolds like this: Short, dull pins are placed on a roller. When the fabric passes through the roller, its fibers are pulled to the surface. Microsanding uses the shortest length of pins, which means the roughness on the fabric's surface is the lowest.
This is a popular striped pattern formed by a beveled line where a joint is made by cutting two pieces at an angle and fitting them together.
Manufactured fiber that's soft, smooth, shape-retentive (even when wet), durable, color-rich and lustrous. Mainly used in clothing, like shirts and underwear.
A corded fabric, usually made of silk, that's characterized by having a wavy, watermarked pattern on the surface. Named after the French word for "watery."
Moisture Wicking
Dispersing or spreading of moisture or liquid through a given area by capillary action in a fabric.
A midweight, woven fabric of cotton or cotton/polyester blends. Used in a wide variety of sheers and sheeting.
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N
A favorite type of leather in shoes, belts and jackets since its introduction. Nubuck is the top side of leather, slightly sanded to make it more resistant to scuff marks and give it a suede-like feel. However, the texture of nubuck is finer than suede because a superior brushing technique leaves the natural grain pattern intact. It's made from split-grain (half of a hide) or full-grain (entire hide) leather.
The first completely synthetic fiber developed in 1938 by DuPont®. It was introduced to the public in the 1940s in women's stockings. Known for its high strength and excellent stain resilience, nylon boasts superior abrasion resistance and high flexibility. It's often added to natural fibers to boost a garment's durability.
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O
A lightweight, man-made material characterized by a high-strength, abrasive quality. Also boasts moisture-absorbing, stain- and fade-resistant qualities. Often used in rug fiber and outdoor furniture.
A lightweight, plain-weave fabric made of nylon, silk, polyester or rayon. Crisp and sheer with a mid- to high-thread count. Commonly used in women's formal attire.
A tightly woven, horizontal raised rib textured knit.
A soft, yet durable, cotton or synthetic blend with a plain or basket weave. Often boasts a silk-like, lustrous finish. Named after the famous "Oxford" university, the fabric has become popular in shirts.
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P
A swirled pattern of fancy, curved teardrop shapes. Often found on men's ties, and a variety of other garments.
A silk or rayon velvet with lustrous pile flattened in one direction.
Small pockets, usually found on pants, that look like pieces of material were put onto the pants as patches.
A soft feel usually obtained by sanding the fabric lightly; it can be achieved with chemical or laundry abrasion.
A heavy wool coat that was originally worn by sailors. Featuring a double-breasted style and notched collar. Hits at the hip.
These women's pants with a straight leg are usually cuffed and fall just below the knee. Women wore these pants in the 1950s and 1960s for bicycling, which is why they continue to reflect a sporty, casual appeal.
A skirt that is cut in a straight line from the hips to the hem. The name comes from its pencil-straight appearance.
A flowing piece of material attached at the waistline or hemline of a jacket, blouse, skirt or dress designed to create a flared appearance.
A closely woven, plain weave fabric that's smooth, firm, midweight and fine. Usually made of cotton from a minimum of 180 threads per square inch. Many luxury linen manufacturers weave it with a slightly finer yarn and closer weave. Used in sheets, blouses and dresses.
A small collar that is flat and close-fitting. With rounded ends. This style offers a sweet, innocent look making it popular for children's clothing.
A screen print with the realistic qualities of a photo.
A row of tiny decorative loops sewn or cut along the edge of a garment.
An ordinary type of dye that's applied and held to the fabric with resins, which are then cured at high temperatures. Boasts excellent features for light colors and less so for darker shades.
A type of knit with a decorative pattern of yarns interlaced to create loops.
A type of weave with a decorative pattern of yarns interlaced to create loops.
A term used to describe the small balls of fibers tangled together in fleece. Pills are generally caused by wear and tear, producing an uneven and worn look. Today, many fleece tops and bottoms have anti-pill characteristics to resist this fiber entanglement.
A blend of Pima cotton and polyester create a soft fabric that offers performance moisture wicking and breathability. 55% Pima cotton. 45% polyester.
Pima cotton
A term applied to extra-long staple cotton grown in the
A unique two-layer jersey knit construction that is designed to transfer sweat to the outer layer for moisture wicking. 60% long-staple Pima cotton. 35% polyester. 5% spandex.
Pinpoint
A type of weave with two over, one under stitching. More durable than most weaves but less soft as sateen.
A small, narrow fold of fabric stitched together to create the appearance of a line or stripe.
A narrow fold of fabric with a bias cut. It creates a corded outline on the garment. Usually creates a contrasting trim.
A knitting method that creates a fine textured surface that appears similar to a waffle weave. Mid or heavyweight, it's characterized by raised cords, or ribs. French piqué knits became international favorites when René Lacoste, a 1920s French tennis champion, designed the polo shirt.
The part of a shirt or jacket where the garment fastens or buttons together.
To interweave strands or locks of a fabrication.
Ply
Two or more yarns that have been twisted together.
A stitch used in knitting to create a tiny, openwork pattern typically with geometric shapes, like chevrons. Pointelle adds a lightweight, delicate texture to clothing.
Polyester
A strong, durable synthetic fabric with high strength and excellent resiliency. Low moisture absorbency allows the fabric to dry quickly.
Polynosic
A type of microfiber that features similar characteristics to cotton and silk with excellent luster and very little shrinkage.
Double-knit interlock fabric with stand-out stability and firmness that’s perfect for suiting. Ponte fabric has a subtle sheen and incredible durability.
A tightly woven, plain-weave fabric characterized by fine, crisscrossing ribs. Heavyweight and durable, poplin is usually made of cotton but can also be silk, wool or synthetic blends. Widely used in women's and men's sportswear and casual clothing.
Front pockets on a pair of pants, shorts or a skirt that are characterized as being oversized and rectangular.
A term used to describe fabrics or garments, especially tee shirts, that have received pre-shrinking treatment. This special treatment is often performed on cotton to prevent it from additional shrinkage when washed.
A term used to describe fabrics or garments, especially T-shirts, that have already been washed to add softness and prevent shrinking.
Short, stitched folds that taper to a point, typically used to shape women’s garments.
A decorative detail added to screen prints to give them a raised or "puffed" surface.
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R
Material obtained from the leaves of the raffia palm, a plant in Madagascar with feather-like leaves that yield strong, flexible fibers. After the fibers are peeled from the stem of the leaves, they're dried in the sun. Raffia can be crafted into a world of products, from dolls to hats to shoes.
A sleeve style that is cut with the armhole seam running from under the arm to the neckline. An athletic cut sleeve set with a diagonal seam from the neck to the underarm. Offers more freedom of movement in comparison with set-in sleeves.
A strong, woody fiber obtained from the stalk of a plant grown in China, Japan and the United States. It's characterized as being extremely strong, silky and durable. Used in a wide variety of goods, from industrial products, like twine, to apparel items, like sweaters.
An openwork knit construction, where heavy coarse yarns are held in place by finer yarns. It has good draping qualities and is frequently used as an unlined material for coats, lingerie, skirts and dresses.
A group of smooth, synthetic fibers manufactured from cotton linters, wood pulp or other vegetable matter. The benefits? Excellent softness, drape, high absorption and a lustrous look. Originally developed as an attempt to chemically create silk.
When the buttons on a placket are on the opposite side from a mans garment. Commonly incorporated into ladies styles.
Rib Knit
A type of knit fabric characterized with a ridge effect in one direction, usually vertical. Rib knits are extremely elastic and often used in apparel to provide a comfy, body-hugging fit. It is highly elastic and retains its shape. Commonly used for sleeve and neck bands.
A decorative trim on clothing. Featuring a flat braided pattern that forms zigzags. Usually found on women's and children's clothing.
Yarn made by continuously twisting and thinning a rope of cotton fibers. The twisting makes the short hairs of cotton stand out, resulting in a more durable than ordinary cotton yarn with a significantly softer hand.
A very fine fabric, usually nylon, plainly woven with coarse fibers ribbed at intervals to stop tears. Lightweight and durable, ripstop also boasts wind and water resistance. Mainly found in tents, luggage and other outdoor equipment.
A pleated or gathered strip of fabric used for creating a decorative, feminine accent. Similar to a ruffle.
Running Stitch
A stitch that is spaced equally, with the underside stitching being half the length of the external side.
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S
Describes garments that have been specially treated with sand for extra softness. The sand wears away a portion of the fabric's surface and color, resulting in fibrillation, or fibers standing out and breaking loose from the fabric. This, in turn, creates a softer, worn-in look and feel.
A loose-fitting, long strip of fabric that is often worn around the waist like a skirt. Or wrapped around the whole body like a dress. It has become a very popular form of a swimsuit cover-up.
A type of fabric weave that creates a soft, smooth, lustrous surface. This finish is usually added to fabrics like cotton in products like shirts, sheets, draperies and upholstery.
A traditional fabric with a silky, lustrous finish. The fabric's long, interlaced yarns have no visible pattern, which creates a smooth, shiny surface. Used to make women's apparel and sheets.
A pair of shorts that have a fabric covering sewn on top of them. The fabric goes all the way around the waist to create a skirt-like appearance.
To print a picture or design on a garment using the silk-screen process.
A type of stitch that creates a textured finish that looks like a continuous pattern of seeds.
A woven, lightweight-to-midweight fabric made of cotton or rayon. During production, some of its yarns are constantly held under controlled tension, while other yarns stay relaxed on the loom. The result is a unique, puckered effect. Comes from the Persian word "shir-o-shakur," which means milk and sugar. Seersucker is traditionally used for summer apparel.
Self Fabric Collar
A type of collar made of the same material as the shirt. The two basic kinds of this collar are the 'simulated' made of two pieces or the 'true' made of four pieces. The word ply with a number preceding it is sometimes accompanies the phrase self fabric collar. This component is on method of restraining the collar tips from curling.
A style of sleeve that is sewn into the shoulder, as opposed to the neck. The seam is straight up and down from the shoulder seam to the underarm (as opposed to the neck in raglan sleeves).
Shark-bite (4-point) hem
A border of cloth that has an uneven cut with two points in the front and two points in the back. It resembles a "shark bite" because of its jagged look.
A dress that is characterized by having a straight, form-fitting skirt and bodice. The skirt usually hits just below the knee. And often has a slit in the sides or back for ease of movement.
Knitted terry fabric that has been brushed and washed to raise the fibers for a fluffy, plush feel. The thick terry loops stay soft and absorbent over time. Used to make apparel, blankets and more.
Gathered material that creates pleated details.
Side Vents, Seams, Slits
Side seams help give polo shirts a more fitted shape. The side vents are at the bottom of the shirt. Usually they are taped along the hem, though sometimes they are double-needled stitched. On athletic shirts and performance shirts, there is usually a small piece of tape on the outside of the shirt at the top of the vent, which aids in keeping the shirt tucked in. Side Slits are found at the bottom of side seams, used for fashion detailing, as well as comfort and ease of movement.
This fine fiber is known as one of the finest textiles because of its softness and radiant sheen. Naturally created by the silkworm in the construction of its cocoon. Used in apparel, bedding, draperies and more.
A V-knit material commonly used in intimate apparel that features all-direction, controlled stretching abilities. Unlike traditional two-way stretch fabrics, Simplex boasts skinlike elasticity, so it offers firm support and increased shape retention. Typically constructed of nylon.
A durable material, similar to hemp, made from the leaves of the Agave sisalana plant, found in Africa, Central America and the West Indies. Often used in rugs because of its anti-static, natural insulation and flame-resistant qualities.
Pants that have flaps of fabric sewn on at the waist to create a skirt-like appearance.
Cropped pants with a straight-leg fit that skims the knee. A stylish cross between Bermuda shorts and capris.
A pair of shorts that has a fabric covering sewn on the front to create a skirt-like appearance. The back, however, still looks like shorts.
A process where a piece of fiber (usually silk or cotton) is slightly twisted or drawn out, producing intentional unevenness for a textured appearance.
A dyeing process in which at least two different colors are used, creating various patterns.
Very thin straps that attach to the bodice. The name comes from their similar appearance to spaghetti noodles.
The soft, "flesh" side of leather. Considered more luxurious because its surface has been brushed, leaving a nap, velvet-like texture. Used in many types of products, like jackets, hats, shoes and slipcovers.
A very smooth and luxurious fleece that involves a unique finishing process where the fabric is gently sanded, which causes the fleece to become very soft.
Grown and trademarked only by members of the Supima Association of America. Made of 100% American Pima cotton. Strong and soft. Rivals Egyptian cotton as the second softest cotton in the world.
A family of fibers designed to create durable, stylish accent and kitchen rugs. Because of its versatility, mills can use SUPRIVA fibers to create fashionable printed rugs, elegant solids and natural-looking textures. Rugs made with SUPRIVA nylon have proven to be market favorites.
A neckline which is formed when two pieces of fabric wrap around each other to create a V-neck opening.
A curved neckline with a scalloped trim that is similar to the top half of a heart.
Used to describe manufactured materials made to imitate another natural material with some characteristics of the original.
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A type of nylon trademarked by DuPont that's incredibly soft, yet durable. Lightweight, versatile, breathable, shape-retentive and easy-to-wash.
A midweight, plain-weave fabric with a slightly ribbed texture. Especially noted for its luster.
A pure cotton
Taped Neck
Neckline in which seams are covered by tape or binding. yarn used to create a narrow, woven fabric that has a soft airy texture, ideal for warmer temperatures.
Taping
In fabric terms, “tape” is a narrow, woven piece of fabric. The best polo shirts have a “fully taped neck.” This strip of fabric appears on the inside of the neck, helping to maintain the structure of the shirt, while making it more comfortable by covering the seam between the collar and the shirt. It also helps to absorb perspiration. There is often tape along the inner side vents as well, to help keep the shirt from coming un-tucked.
A mat woven of straw and sewn to a thick base, traditionally used in the flooring of Japanese homes. Tatami evolved over a long period, starting out as a thin, easily folded straw mat where people sat or slept. Later, more layers of tightly woven rice straw were added to the core to increase comfort. The core was then covered with woven rushes, and the edges were hemmed with cloth.
A brand of lyocell trademarked by Tencel Ltd. used to create rayon fabrics. Makes soft, draping fabrics. Tencel is made from wood pulp, yet it is machine washable.
A baked or fired clay with a brownish-orange color. It's typically used for potting vases and architectural purposes. Literally means "baked earth."
Tipped Collar
A ribbed knit fashion collar with a contrast color knitted into the edge of the collar.
Topstitching
A wide variety of stitch effects that show on the surface of the garment for practical, structural or aesthetic reasons. Topstitching often occurs near the outer edge of a garment section, as on: pockets, collars, lapels, yokes, etc. Topstitching can attach one garment section (set-on) to another, keep seams flat and smooth or keep elements of the garment from shifting.
Two or more rows of stitches with a padded underside for a raised effect.
A knit fabric formed by interlooping adjacent, parallel yarns. Known for being exceptionally soft and versatile. It's often used to make women's undergarments.
A tropic-weight wool known for its smoothness, breathability and lightweight feel. Tricotene also has a beautiful drape and warm-weather appeal, so it's frequently used in dressy apparel like pantsuits and slacks.
Triple-Needle Stitched
A finish commonly used on a sleeve or bottom hem that uses three needles to create parallel rows of visible stitching, giving the garment a cleaner, more finished look, as well as adding durability.
A type of leather with a unique, pebbled finish that looks like soft wrinkles. Shoes, belts, bags and nearly any leather product can come in this style.
A simple pullover blouse or jacket that is hip-length. It was designed from two pieces of linen sewn up the sides and across the top with holes left for the head and arms.
A mid-to-heavyweight, woolen fabric with color-speckled, slubbed yarns. Tweed products commonly include slacks and suits.
A basic, woven fabric characterized by distinct, diagonal lines on the surface. It's very strong, yet relatively lightweight. Twill comes in a wide range of products, from pants to purses.
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UV-Protective Fabric
A term used to refer to a fabric that resists the ability of ultraviolet rays to penetrate the fabric. Protects the fabric from fading and the wearer’s skin from UV rays.
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A pattern having streaks or marks in different colors. Variegated ribs will have a slight difference in the colors between the ribs.
A polyester construction that is a cross between fur and velvet, velboa is usually a medium weight, short-pile textile. The result is a faux-fur fabric that is very luxurious and plush. It is often used to make anything from the softest stuffed animals to clothing and accessories.
A midweight, tightly woven or knitted fabric, usually made of cotton, with qualities similar to velvet. In fact, it originates from the French word for "velvet." Soft and plush with a close, dense pile. Traditionally found in towels, but it's becoming popular in warm-up suits and sportswear.
A woven, midweight fabric made of silk, cotton or rayon. Its pile is cut and brushed for a rich, plush texture and a cut pile that stands straight up. Most often used for fall separates and formal attire.
A woven, cotton fabric with a velvet-like pile.
A faux leather that is stiffer and less soft to the touch than actual leather.
The most common type of rayon manufactured from wood pulp, treated with sodium hydroxide and then mixed with other chemicals. The resulting organic liquid is extruded through a spinneret to form viscose rayon, or viscose as it's commonly referred to. Soft and absorbent, viscose is often found in men's and women's shirts.
Fine, sheer fabric with a slightly crisp feel. Usually plain-woven of cotton, but can also be made of acetate, silk or rayon. Commonly used in curtains, women’s blouses and summer clothing.
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A fabric pattern characterized by having recessed squares on the surface that resemble a waffle.
A double-edged strip or insert for ornament or reinforcement.
A type of stitch that passes diagonally over a fabric's edge. Commonly found on throws and bath towels.
A checkered, plaidlike pattern that is characterized by having vertical and horizontal lines that intersect to form the appearance of a windowpane.
A thick, heavy natural fiber, which is usually spun from the fleece of lambs and sheep.
A smooth, compact yarn from long wool fibers used especially for firm, napless fabrics. Commonly used for men's dress pants and suits.
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A dyeing process where yarns are immersed in a coloring solution and then woven or knitted to make fabric. The colors of yarn-dyed garments stay brighter, longer.
A cut in fabric that creates seams across the top of a pant, skirt or shirt that makes an inverted triangle shape. It's very flattering and slimming.
Made with synthetic materials like polyester or rayon, this lightweight, durable fabric has a pleated, crinkle effect. Most commonly used in blouses, camp shirts and dresses.